Mikorosikopi y'icyuma igororotse ya LHMICV5100 yikora ku buryo bwikora

Ibisobanuro bigufi:

Fmikorosikopi y'icyuma ihagaze neza kandi yikora:

Iyi mikorosikopi y’icyuma yikora ku buryo bwikora ifite urubuga rwa XYZ rukoresha moteri rwo gupima amashusho yose no kuyadoda mu buryo bworoshye, hamwe na Z-axis autofocus. Umugozi wayo wo kugenzura uhuza ufite imirongo itatu utuma imikorere yoroshye kandi ishobora gutwarwa. Ifite icyuma gikuru cya mikorosikopi, kamera ifite ibisobanuro bihanitse, na porogaramu nyayo yo gusesengura amashusho ya metallurgiki, iki gikoresho gikubiyemo udushya twinshi, gikurikiza imiterere mpuzamahanga mu miterere no mu mikorere, kandi cyiyemeje kwagura imiterere y’inganda. Gitanga imirimo itandukanye yo kureba, harimo kurebera hamwe ahantu hagaragara, kurebera hamwe ahantu hijimye, urumuri rukozwe mu buryo bwa polarized, na differential interferometry (ni ngombwa). Ikoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura metallografiya y’ibikoresho by’icyuma, gusesengura metallografiya mu kwigisha no mu bushakashatsi, no gupima neza. Ni igikoresho cyiza cyo gukora ubushakashatsi mu by’icyuma, mineralojiya, no gukora neza.


Ibisobanuro birambuye ku gicuruzwa

Ibirango by'ibicuruzwa

Gukora buto imwe, gupima amashusho mu buryo bwikora no kwibanda ku buryo bwikora, bifite urubuga rwo gupima amashusho rwihuta cyane, bigatuma ishusho iba nziza cyane.

Ibikorwa byose byakozwe hakurikijwe amahame ya ergonomic kugira ngo bigabanye umunaniro w'umukoresha. Imiterere yabyo ya modular ifasha guhuza imikorere ya sisitemu mu buryo bworoshye. Ikubiyemo imikorere itandukanye yo kureba, harimo urumuri rugaragara, urumuri rwijimye, urumuri rugaragara, na DIC differential interferometry, hamwe n'imikorere ishobora gutoranywa hashingiwe ku mikoreshereze yihariye.

Ijisho rinini cyane rifite imiterere yagutse cyane

Ishyigikira urwego rwo kureba rwa 25mm runini cyane ku isi, ikaguha uburyo bushya bwo kureba bwagutse. Guhindura diopters bitandukanye bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'abakoresha benshi kuri porogaramu runaka.

Indorerwamo y'inzobere mu by'ikoranabuhanga ikora ku buryo butagira iherezo kandi ikora ku buryo burambye, ikozwe mu buryo bw'umwuga.

Intego za semi-apochromatic-bright-field na dark-field semi-apochromatic zikorwa hifashishijwe lens zatoranijwe neza zifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru menshi hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gusiga kugira ngo hakorwe neza amabara karemano y'icyitegererezo; igishushanyo cya semi-apochromatic gifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukosora amabara, binongera itandukaniro n'ubusobanuro bwiza bw'ishusho igaragara.

sisitemu yo gutandukanya

Sisitemu ya polarization ikubiyemo polarizer insert n'akanasesengura, bishobora gukora polarized light detection. Mu igenzura rya semiconductor na PCB, ishobora gukuraho straight light no gutuma ibisobanuro birushaho kuba byiza.

Akamashini gapima ikirere ka 360° gatuma umuntu abona neza uko icyitegererezo kigaragara munsi y'urumuri hakoreshejwe inguni zitandukanye za polarization adakoresheje icyitegererezo.

Urubuga rw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi rwa XY

● Icyiciro cya XY gifite moteri nziza cyane, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ifunganye, gifasha gusesengura amashusho yose no guhuza amashusho mu buryo bwo hejuru, bigatuma habaho guhuza neza ahantu henshi hagaragara amashusho.

● Ishyigikira inzira zo gushakisha zihariye, ihuza n'ingero zitari nziza, kandi ikongera umuvuduko wo gusobekeranya ubuso bugoye.

Umurongo wa Z ukoresha amashanyarazi, bigatuma amashusho yibanda ku buryo bwikora.

Akayunguruzo k'ubucucike butagira aho bubogamiye gahujwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'urumuri n'umwijima

Agakoresho kari imbere y'icyuma gitanga urumuri gatuma guhinduranya hagati y'imirasire y'urumuri n'iy'umwijima byoroha kandi gafite imikorere yo guhuza icyuma gitanga urumuri rw'ubucucike butagira ingano. Ibi bibuza amaso y'umukoresha gukangurwa n'urumuri rwinshi iyo ahinduye imirasire y'urumuri rwinshi, bigatuma umukoresha amererwa neza.

Igihindura lenzi y'intego

Imashini ihindura imiterere y’ishusho imwe mu buryo bwinshi ituma habaho isuzuma rikwiye kandi rihoraho ku rugero rwo hasi, ruri hagati, n’ururerure rw’ishusho imwe ahantu hatandukanye ho kwitegereza.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibipimo bya tekiniki bya Mikorosikopi y'Ibyuma:

Sisitemu y'urumuri Sisitemu y'amatara yahinduwe mu buryo butagira infinity
Agasanduku ko kugenzura 30° irabagirana, umuyoboro w'indorerwamo utagira iherezo ufite inzira eshatu, intera hagati y'impinja: 50mm ~ 76mm, igipimo cyo gutandukanya imirasire y'urwego rubiri, binocular: trino = 100:0 cyangwa 0:100
agapira k'amaso Ijisho rinini, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ijisho gifite imiterere yagutse ya PL10X / 25mm, diopteri ishobora guhindurwa.
Imirima y'urumuri n'umwijimaIkirahuri cy'inyongera gifite imiterere iciriritse LMPLFL 5X /0.15 BD DIC WD13.5mmLMPLFL10X/0.30 BD DIC WD9.0mmLMPLFL20X/0.5 BD DIC WD2.5mmLMPLFL50X/0.80 BD WD1.0mmLMPLFL100X / 0.90 BD WD 1.0mm
umuhindura Imashini ihindura imyobo 6 ikoreshwa mu murima w'urumuri n'umwijima, ifite umwanya wa DIC
umukingo Kamera ifite ishusho y'urumuri n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyiramo amashusho mu buryo bwa coaxial. Uburyo bwo guhindura amashusho mu buryo bwa coaxial ni 25mm, naho uburyo bwo guhindura amashusho mu buryo bwa coaxial ni 0.001mm. Irimo igikoresho cyo guhindura amashusho mu buryo bwa coaxial kidahindagurika ndetse n'uburyo bwo guhindura amashusho mu buryo bwa coaxial.
Sisitemu y'amatara Itara rigaragaza urumuri ry’umurima w’umukara n’umwijima rifite diaphragm ihinduka, diaphragm y’umurima, n’igikoresho cyo hagati gishobora guhindurwa; rifite igikoresho cyo guhindura urumuri rw’umurima w’umukara n’umwijima; rifite umwanya wo kuyungurura amabara n’umwanya wa polarizer/analyzer.
icyumba cy'amatara Icyumba cy'amatara ya halogen ya 12V 100W, gikwiriye koherezwamo no kugarura urumuri, kirahari kugirango umuntu agitumize mbere y'igihe.
Umurongo wa Z Kwibanda ku buryo bwikora
Urubuga rw'amashanyarazi Ingendo za platform: Icyerekezo kitambitse * Icyerekezo gihagaze = 80 * 60 (igice: mm)Ingufu z'icyuma: 2000μmUburinganire bwo gusubiramo kwa XY: muri ± 2 μmGusubiramo kwa Z-axis: muri ± 1 μmUmwanzuro ku bice 16: 0.625μm kuri buri ntambwe

Inguni y'intambwe ya moteri y'intambwe: 1.8°

Umuvuduko w'imikorere ufite amanota: 1.0A kuri buri shaft (ikoreshwa na 24V)

Umutwaro ntarengwa: ≥5kg

Inzira ntarengwa yo kugaruka no kugaruka: mikorometero 2

Uburebure ntarengwa bw'icyitegererezo ni mm 25 (ubundi burebure bushobora guhindurwa).

 

Agasanduku ko kugenzura imodoka Ikoresha umuyoboro usanzwe wa RS232 kugira ngo ishobore kuvugana na mudasobwa (igipimo cya baud 115200).Uburyo bwo kugenzura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi butuma moteri igena umuvuduko wayo, intera yayo, n'icyerekezo cy'urugendo rwayo.
Ibindi bifatanye Icyinjizwa cya Polarizer, icyinjizwa cya analyzer kizunguruka cya 360°, n'icyuma gikingira kigamije kugarura urumuri.
Sisitemu yo gusesengura Porogaramu yo gusesengura metallographic na porogaramu ya FMIA 2025 yo gusesengura imiterere y'icyuma
igikoresho cya kamera Megapixel 5, 36 fps
  Irebero rya lenzi ya adaptateri ya 0.5X, mikorometero
Mudasobwa zigenzura imikorere y'inganda Intel i5 itunganya, 64GB RAM, 1TB SSD, monitor ya 27-cm 4K

Porogaramu yo gusesengura amashusho ya Metallographic Intangiriro:

Porogaramu yacu yo gusesengura amashusho ya metallografiya ni sisitemu nshya yakozwe n'ikigo cyacu ishingiye ku byo ibigo bikora ibyuma bicukura, ibigo bikora ibikoresho by'imodoka, ibigo bitunganya ubushyuhe, inganda zikora ibyuma biremereye, inganda zikora ingufu, inganda zikora ibikoresho bya gari ya moshi, n'ibindi bigo bitandukanye bipima. Kugira ngo twongere igipimo cy'ibicuruzwa no gufasha kunoza urwego rw'ibizamini bya laboratwari zitandukanye, twakusanyije ibyo impuguke n'abarimu bo mu nganda zitandukanye bakeneye n'ibitekerezo byabo.

Porogaramu yo gusesengura amashusho ya metallographic yavuguruwe burundu kandi ivugururwa. Sisitemu ikubiyemo ibipimo byinshi byo gupima metallographic imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ihuza isesengura ry’imibare n’iry’ubuziranenge, kandi yongeraho imikorere yo guhuza amashusho mu buryo bwimbitse n’imikorere yo kuyadoda. Uburyo bworoshye kandi bushobora gufata amashusho mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo habeho gutunganya no gusesengura amashusho. Igikorwa cyoroshye kurushaho, gikuraho intambwe zitandukanye zigoye za porogaramu yabanje, bigatuma igerageza ryihuta kandi rirushaho gukora neza.

Twakoze sisitemu nshya y'ibikoresho byo gusesengura metallografiya "y'umwuga, ikora neza kandi ikora neza" kugira ngo tworohereze isesengura metallografiya.

Isomero ry’igihugu risanzwe rya sisitemu ya porogaramu rigizwe n’ibyiciro amagana, ahanini bikubiyemo amahame asanzwe akoreshwa mu gupima ibyuma kandi byujuje ibisabwa mu gusesengura no gupima ibyuma by’amasosiyete menshi. Ibyiciro bireba biragenwa kandi bigafungurwa hakurikijwe ibyo inganda zitandukanye zikeneye kugira ngo bihuze n’ibisabwa mu gupima ibyuma. Amasomo yose araboneka ku buntu mu buzima bwose, kandi amahame aravugururwa ku buntu mu buzima bwose.

Bitewe n’uko umubare w’ibikoresho bishya n’amanota atumizwa mu mahanga wiyongera, ibikoresho n’amahame ngenderwaho y’isuzuma bitarashyirwa muri porogaramu bishobora guhindurwa no gushyirwa ukwabyo.

Ibyiza n'imikorereporogaramu yo gusesengura ibyuma:

  • Gufata no kugura amashusho ya videwo nyinshi: Gufata amashusho mu byiciro, kwita amazina mu byiciro, kubika amashusho mu byiciro, gucapa amashusho mu byiciro hamwe no kongera ubushobozi bw'amashusho n'ibindi bikorwa byo gutunganya amashusho menshi bituma uburyo bwo kugenzura ingero z'amatsinda burushaho koroha kandi bunoze.
  • Imbereimiterere ya kamera:Igihe cyo kugaragara, kwiyongera, ubukana, ubwinshi, gamma, itandukaniro, urumuri, uburinganire bw'umweru, uburinganire bw'umukara, n'izindi nzego z'imikorere.
  • Kanda rimwe gusagupima intego zose:Uburyo bwo gupima bwavuguruwe burundu, bugufasha kurangiza gupima ibipimo byose by’ingenzi ukoresheje gukanda rimwe gusa. Ugereranyije n’uburyo bwa mbere bwo gupima, uburyo bushya bwo gupima bworoshye kandi bwihuse gukora.
  • Imikorere yo gutunganya amashusho:gutandukanya amabara, guhindura ibara ry'ikijuju, guhuza urwego rw'ibara, guhuza ibice bibiri, kunoza ishusho, guhindura ibice, gutyaza, gukuraho gushwanyaguza no gusibanganya, histogram y'ishusho, n'ibindi.
  • Ishusho isohoka mu gupima umusaruro:Ibiranga birimo gucapa amashusho menshi, amazina y’amashusho yihariye, igenamiterere ry’ibipimo bya scale, kohereza kuri PDF/Word/Excel, no gusuzuma ibyacapwe.

Gupima no kubika amashusho:Hari ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupima (harimo intera, inguni, inguni iri hagati y'imirongo ibiri, urukiramende, intera y'umurongo kuva ku murongo kugera ku wundi, ellipse, poligoni, intera y'umurongo uteganye, umurongo w'ingingo eshatu, uruziga rw'ingingo eshatu, nibindi), bifasha gushushanya imyambi, gushyira amazina ku nyandiko, no kongeramo...Hari amahitamo menshi aboneka ku mirongo y'inyongera, ubugari bw'umurongo, n'uburebure bw'umurongo; ibara ry'inyuguti, ingano, n'imiterere y'inyuguti nabyo birahari; amakuru y'igerageza ashobora gusobanurwa no koherezwa muri Excel.

Imikorere yo gusesengura ikigo:Isomero rya porogaramu rikubiyemo ibipimo bitandukanye byo gupima, birimo GB/ASTM/ISO/DIN/QC/JB/DL/TB/SS n'ibindi bipimo ngenderwaho byo gusesengura imikorere y'ikigo. Ibipimo ngenderwaho muri isomero rya porogaramu bishobora kuvugururwa ku buntu, kandi porogaramu ifite ubushobozi bwo gusesengura mu buryo bwikora no kugereranya. Ifite imikorere itatu yo gupima metallographic: ibanze, ubw'inyongera, n'ubufasha. Yoroshye, yoroshye, kandi yihuta kuyikoresha, kandi itanga ibipimo nyabyo kandi byizewe.

Ibikoresho bigezweho byo guhindura ibintu:Igenzura ry’icyiciro rya mikorosikopi ryakozwe na moteri, guhuza amashusho, gukoresha ikarita y’urumuri rwa 3D, ububiko bw’amashusho, nibindi.
Imbonerahamwe zitandukanye za raporo:Ikora raporo z’isesengura ry’ibyuma zishushanyije neza mu buryo bwikora, hamwe n’amahitamo yo gukoresha raporo z’ibikoresho bimwe cyangwa byinshi. Imbonerahamwe z’isesengura zishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo zishyiremo ibirango by’ikigo, amazina y’ikigo, inzira zo gupima, n’andi makuru. Imbonerahamwe z’isesengura ry’isesengura ry’ibishushanyo mbonera zirahari kugira ngo zihuze n’ibyo ukeneye byihariye.

Imikorere yo gusesengura ingingo hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwa AI:Uburyo bwo gusesengura imiterere y’umubiri bushobora guhindurwa bukoresha ubwenge bw’ubukorano kugira ngo burangize uburyo bwose bwo gusesengura no gutahura imiterere y’ibikoresho, bugasobanura kandi bugasesengura imiterere y’ibikoresho mu buryo bwikora. Uburyo bwo gukora ni ubworoshye, bugabanya imbaraga z’abakozi. Kunoza imikorere y’igerageza ry’ibikoresho.
Isomero ry'Igihugu ry'Ibishushanyo Bisanzwe:Irimo amagana y'ibishushanyo mbonera by'igihugu kugira ngo abakiriya babyigeho kandi babikoreshe.
Isomo ryo kwigisha ibijyanye na metallography:Harimo module yo kwigisha ibijyanye n'ibyuma kugira ngo abakiriya bige kandi barebe.

Ubujyakuzimu bw'Uburebure bw'Umurima wa EDF:Ku ngero zitaringaniye kandi zidashobora guhurira ku murongo, porogaramu itanga imikorere ihindagurika ya EDF y'ubujyakuzimu bw'ishusho. Mu guhindura urukiramende rwa microscope rwa Z-axis micro-adjustment focusing handwheel, ibisobanuro bisobanutse neza muri iyo shusho bizakomeza kongerwa ku idirishya rya EDF rihindagurika kugira ngo bivugururwe. Porogaramu yihutira gufata amashusho asobanutse neza ku burebure butandukanye bw'ishusho hanyuma ikayahuza mu ishusho isobanutse.

Imikorere yo kudoda amashusho:Ku bakiriya bakeneye kugenzura ahantu hanini ho kureba, iyi porogaramu itanga uburyo bwo kudoda amashusho. Abakoresha bashobora kwimura urubuga rwa XY rwa mikorosikopi kugira ngo bagere ku gusesengura amashusho mu buryo bwuzuye no guhuza amashusho mu buryo bwo hejuru kugira ngo barebe neza aho ahantu henshi ho kureba hahurira neza. Ibi bihaza icyifuzo cy'umukiriya cyo gufata amashusho y'ahantu hanini ho kureba kandi bigakemura ikimwaro cyo kudashobora gufata amafoto bitewe n'aho ahantu hadahagije ho kureba mikorosikopi.

Ishyigikira inzira zo gushakisha zihariye, ihuza n'ingero zitari nziza, kandi ikongera umuvuduko wo gusobekeranya ubuso bugoye.

Umurongo wa Z ukoresha amashanyarazi, bigatuma amashusho yibanda ku buryo bwikora.

Igice cya module zikunze gukoreshwa muri porogaramu yo gusesengura metallographic:

GB/T 10561-2023 Kugena ibikubiye mu byuma bitari iby'icyuma GB/T 34474.1-2017 Isuzuma ry'imiterere y'icyuma gifatanye
Isuzuma rya GB/T 7216-2023 ry’icyuma cya fer cyo mu bwoko bwa Gray Cast Iron Igipimo cya DL/T 773-2016 Spheroidization Ingano y'icyuma cya 12Cr1MoV gikoreshwa mu nganda zitanga ingufu z'ubushyuhe
GB / T 26656 - 2023 Isuzuma rya Metallographic rya Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron DL / T 1422 - 2015 18Cr-8Ni Series Austenitic Stainless Steel Boiler Tube Microstructure Isuzuma ryo gusaza Igipimo gisanzwe
Uburyo bwo gusuzuma GB/T 13299-2022 ku miterere mito y'icyuma GB /T 3489-2015 Ibyuma bikomeye by'ubutare - Kumenya imiterere y'ubutare n'ubutare buvanze
Isuzuma rya GB/T 9441-2021 ry’icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bikozwe mu byuma bikozwe mu byuma JB/T 1255-2014 Ibisabwa mu bushyuhe bwo kuvura ibice by'icyuma bifite chromium nyinshi ya karuboni mu byuma bizingira
Isuzuma rya GB/T 38720-2020 ry’icyuma cyazimye n’icyuma gikoze muri karuboni giciriritse n’icyuma gikoze muri karuboni giciriritse GB / T 1299 - 2014 Igikoresho n'Icyuma
Uburyo bwa GB/T 224-2019 bwo kumenya ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rwakuwemo karuboni mu byuma GB / T 25744 - 2010 Igenzura rya Metallographic ry'ibice by'icyuma bya kaburimbo, byazimye, n'ibishyushye
TB/T 2942.2-2018 ZG230-450 Igenzura rya Metallographic ry'Ibyuma Bikozwe mu Cyuma GB/T13305-2008 Igenwa rya metallographic ry'ubuso bw'igice cya α mu cyuma kitagira umugese
JB/T 5108-2018 Isesengura rya Metallographic ry'Umuringa wa Caster JB/T 9204-2008 Igenzura rya Metallographic ry'Ibice by'Ibyuma Bikomeye bya Induction
Uburyo bwa GB /T 6394-2017 bwo kumenya ingano mpuzandengo y'ibinyampeke by'ibyuma GB/T 13320-2007 Ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma, imbonerahamwe z'imiterere y'icyuma n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma
JB/T7946.1-2017 Ishusho y'ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu byakozwe mu buryo bwa Cast DL/T 999-2006 Igipimo cy'Icyuma cya Spheroidized Steel ku nganda z'amashanyarazi
JB/T7946.2-2017 Ubushyuhe bukabije bwa Aluminiyumu-Silicon Alloys Amabwiriza ya Tekiniki ya DL/T 439-2006 yerekeye imashini zifata ubushyuhe bwinshi mu nganda zitanga ingufu z'ubushyuhe
JB/T7946.3-2017 Umuyoboro w'urukuta rwa aluminiyumu ikozwe mu cyuma gi ... DL/T 786-2001 Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gupima no guha amanota Graphitization y'icyuma cya karuboni
JB/T 7946.4-2017 Ishusho y'ibishushanyo mbonera bya aluminiyumu ikozwe mu byuma bicuzwe B/T 1979-2001 Imbonerahamwe y'imiterere y'ibikoresho by'icyuma by'ubwubatsi ifite ubunini buke mu ikoranabuhanga
GB / T 34891 - 2017 Rolling Bearings_Imiterere ya tekiniki yo kuvura ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'icyuma bifite chromium nyinshi ya karuboni DL/T 674-1999 Igipimo cy’Ubushyuhe bwa Pearlite Spheroidization cya No. 20 Icyuma cy’inganda zitanga ingufu z’ubushyuhe

Porogaramu yo gusesengura amashusho ya FKX2025 Porosity

Sisitemu yo gusesengura amashusho ya FKX2025 ikoresha amashusho ya mikorosikopi kugira ngo imenye imiterere y'ibice by'imodoka. Ni sisitemu yo gupima imiterere y'ibice bya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu nganda z'imodoka, ikurikije amahame ya Volkswagen ya VW50097 na PV6097. Ibisubizo byo gupima ni ukuri kandi byizewe. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusesengura imiterere y'ibice bya aluminiyumu n'ibice bya cast iron, kandi ikwiriye no gusesengura imiterere y'ibice bya cast iron n'isesengura ry'ibindi bikoresho.

Porogaramu yo gusesengura amashusho ya porosity irashobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'urwego rw'amashanyarazi kugira ngo igere ku gusesengura mu buryo bwikora, kwibanda ku buryo bwikora, kudoda amashusho mu buryo bwikora, gupima porosity mu buryo bwikora, imibare y'amakuru, n'ibisohoka muri raporo.

Imikorere yo kudoda amashusho:Shyiraho ibipimo byo kudoda n'ubwoko bw'ishusho, kanda kuri "Auto Stitch," hanyuma kudoda ishusho bizarangira byikora.

Igenamiterere ry'ibipimo byo gushakisha:Mu gushyiraho agace gato, agace ntarengwa, n'umupaka, hashobora gukorwa ishakisha ryuzuye ry'ikarita kugira ngo haboneke imyenge yose iri mu bipimo byashyizweho by'ikarita yose.

Guhitamo ishusho:Itanga ibikoresho byo guhitamo nka mpandeshatu, poligoni, uruziga, kare, na mpandeshatu. Iyo guhitamo kurangiye, porogaramu ikora isesengura ry’umuraba ku gace katoranijwe.

Isesengura ry'imiyoboro y'amazi:Ishobora gusesengura amakuru nk'umuzenguruko, agace, umurongo mukuru, umurongo muto, umurambararo ungana n'uruziga, igipimo cy'urumuri, n'uruziga rwa buri mwobo.

Igipimo cya jeometri:Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupima bishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima ingano

Imibare y'amakuru n'ikorwa rya raporo:Ishobora gusesengura imibare irambuye y’ibipimo kuri buri mwobo no gukora uburyo bubiri bwo gutanga raporo, VW50093 cyangwa VW50097.

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