Kode yo gukomera kwicyuma ni H. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima ubukana, ibisanzwe bisanzwe birimo Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Ubukomere bwa Shore (HS), nibindi, muribyo. HB na HRC nibisanzwe bikoreshwa. HB ifite uburyo bwagutse bwa porogaramu, kandi HRC irakwiriye kubikoresho bifite ubutumburuke bwo hejuru, nkubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe. Itandukaniro nuko indenter yukugerageza gukomeye itandukanye. Ikizamini gikomeye cya Brinell ni indente yumupira, mugihe igeragezwa rya Rockwell rikomeye ni diyama.
HV ibereye gusesengura microscope. Gukomera kwa Vickers (HV) Kanda hejuru yibintu bifite umutwaro uri munsi ya 120kg hamwe na diyama kare ya cone indenter ifite inguni ya vertex ya 136 °. Ubuso bwubuso bwibintu byerekana indiri bigabanijwe nigiciro cyumutwaro, aricyo agaciro ka Vickers (HV). Gukomera kwa Vickers kugaragazwa nka HV (reba GB / T4340-1999), kandi bipima ingero zoroshye cyane.
HL yikuramo igeragezwa iroroshye gupima. Ikoresha umupira wumupira kugirango uhindure ubukana kandi utange bounce. Ubukomezi bubarwa nigipimo cyumuvuduko wo kugaruka kwa punch kuri 1mm kuva hejuru yicyitegererezo kugera kumuvuduko. Inzira ni: Leeb gukomera HL = 1000 × VB (umuvuduko wo kugaruka) / VA (umuvuduko w'ingaruka).
Ikizamini cya Leeb cyoroshye gishobora guhindurwa muri Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Shore (HS) gukomera nyuma yo gupima Leeb (HL). Cyangwa ukoreshe ihame rya Leeb kugirango upime neza agaciro gakomeye hamwe na Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS).
HB - Gukomera kwa Brinell:
Ubukomezi bwa Brinell (HB) busanzwe bukoreshwa mugihe ibikoresho byoroshye, nkibyuma bidafite fer, ibyuma mbere yo kuvura ubushyuhe cyangwa nyuma yo gufatana. Ubukomezi bwa Rockwell (HRC) bukoreshwa mubikoresho bifite ubukana buhanitse, nk'ubukomere nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe, nibindi.
Gukomera kwa Brinell (HB) ni umutwaro wikizamini cyubunini runaka. Umupira wicyuma cyangwa umupira wa karbide ya diameter runaka ukanda hejuru yicyuma kugirango ugerageze. Umutwaro wikizamini ukomezwa mugihe cyagenwe, hanyuma umutwaro ukurwaho kugirango upime diameter ya indentation hejuru kugirango igerageze. Agaciro gakomeye ka Brinell nigipimo cyabonetse mugabanye umutwaro nubuso bwubuso bwa indentation. Mubisanzwe, umupira wicyuma ukomye mubunini runaka (mubisanzwe 10mm ya diametre) ukanda mubutaka hamwe numutwaro runaka (mubisanzwe 3000kg) kandi ukabikwa mugihe runaka. Nyuma yumutwaro umaze gukurwaho, igipimo cyumutwaro mukarere ka indentation nigiciro gikomeye cya Brinell (HB), naho igice ni kilo imbaraga / mm2 (N / mm2).
Ubukomezi bwa Rockwell bugena indangagaciro zingirakamaro zishingiye ku burebure bwa plastike ya indentation. 0.002 mm ikoreshwa nkigice gikomeye. Iyo HB> 450 cyangwa icyitegererezo ari gito cyane, ikizamini cya Brinell ntigishobora gukoreshwa kandi gupima ubukana bwa Rockwell bikoreshwa aho. Ikoresha cone ya diyama ifite inguni ya vertex ya 120 ° cyangwa umupira wicyuma ufite diameter ya 1.59 cyangwa 3.18mm kugirango ukande hejuru yibikoresho biri munsi yikizamini munsi yumutwaro runaka, kandi ubukana bwibintu bibarwa uhereye mubwimbitse ya indentation. Ukurikije ubukana bwibikoresho byikizamini, bigaragarira mubipimo bitatu bitandukanye:
HRA: Nubukomezi bwabonetse ukoresheje umutwaro wa 60 kg hamwe na diyama ya cone indenter, ikoreshwa mubikoresho bifite ubukana bukabije cyane (nka karbide ya sima, nibindi).
HRB: Nubukomezi bwabonetse ukoresheje umutwaro wa 100 kg hamwe numupira wicyuma ukomye ufite diameter ya 1.58mm, ukoreshwa mubikoresho bifite ubukana buke (nk'ibyuma bifatanye, ibyuma, nibindi).
HRC: Nubukomezi bwabonetse ukoresheje umutwaro wa kg 150 hamwe na diyama ya cone indenter, ikoreshwa mubikoresho bifite ubukana buhanitse cyane (nk'ibyuma bikomeye, nibindi).
Wongeyeho:
1.HRC bisobanura ubukana bwa Rockwell C.
2.HRC na HB bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa.
3.HRC ikoreshwa HRC 20-67, ihwanye na HB225-650,
Niba ubukana buri hejuru yuru rwego, koresha Rockwell gukomera Igipimo cya HRA,
Niba ubukana buri munsi yuru rwego, koresha Rockwell gukomera B igipimo cya HRB,
Imipaka yo hejuru yubukomezi bwa Brinell ni HB650, idashobora kuba hejuru yiyi gaciro.
4.Icyerekezo cya Rockwell gukomera kwipimisha C igipimo cya diyama ifite impagarike ya dogere 120. Umutwaro wikizamini nigiciro runaka. Igishinwa gisanzwe ni kgf 150. Indenter ya Brinell igerageza ni umupira wicyuma (HBS) cyangwa umupira wa karbide (HBW). Umutwaro wikizamini uratandukana na diameter yumupira, kuva kuri 3000 kugeza 31.25 kgf.
5.Icyerekezo gikomeye cya Rockwell ni gito cyane, kandi agaciro gapimwe karahari. Birakenewe gupima ingingo nyinshi kugirango tubone impuzandengo. Irakwiriye kubicuruzwa byarangiye hamwe nuduce duto kandi ishyirwa mubizamini bidasenya. Indangantego ya Brinell ni nini, agaciro gapimwe nukuri, ntabwo gakwiriye ibicuruzwa byarangiye hamwe nuduce duto, kandi mubisanzwe ntabwo byashyizwe mubizamini bidasenya.
6. Ubukomere agaciro ka Rockwell gukomera numubare utavuzwe izina udafite ibice. .
7. Ubukomezi bwa Rockwell bugaragara kumurongo cyangwa byerekanwe muburyo bwa digitale. Biroroshye gukora, byihuse kandi byihuse, kandi bibereye umusaruro mwinshi. Gukomera kwa Brinell bisaba microscope yo gupima diameter ya indentation, hanyuma ukareba hejuru kumeza cyangwa kubara, bikaba bigoye gukora.
8. Mubihe bimwe, HB na HRC birashobora guhinduka mukureba hejuru kumeza. Inzira yo kubara mumutwe irashobora kwandikwa nka: 1HRC≈1 / 10HB.
Ikizamini cyo gukomera nuburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye mugupima imitungo. Kugirango ukoreshe ikizamini cyo gusimbuza ibintu bimwe na bimwe byubukanishi, hasabwa isano ihamye yo guhinduka hagati yubukomezi nimbaraga zisabwa mubikorwa.
Imyitozo yerekanye ko hari isano igereranijwe hagati yimikorere itandukanye yibikoresho byibyuma no hagati yubukomezi nagaciro. Kuberako agaciro gakomeye kagenwa nubwa mbere bwo kurwanya plastike ya plastike hamwe no gukomeza guhindagurika kwa plastike, niko imbaraga zibintu ziyongera, niko birwanya ihindagurika rya plastike, kandi n’agaciro gakomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-16-2024
