Mu bicuruzwa by’inganda, icyuma gikoreshwa cyane mu buryo bwo kohereza ingufu z’ibikoresho bitandukanye bya mekanike bitewe n’imbaraga zacyo nyinshi, ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kudashira no kudacika intege. Ubwiza bwacyo bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza no ku buzima bw’ibikoresho. Kubwibyo, kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’icyuma gikoreshwa ni ingenzi cyane. Mu guhitamo, imbaraga zacyo, ubukomere bwacyo no kudashira kwacyo bigomba kwitabwaho. Mbere yo gutunganya icyuma gikoreshwa, tugomba gusesengura imiterere ya metallografiya, ubukana, imiterere ya shimi, nibindi by’ibikoresho. Imiterere ya metallografiya n’ubukana bw’icyuma gikoreshwa ni ibipimo by’ingenzi byo gusuzuma imiterere yacyo, ingaruka zo kuvura ubushyuhe n’igihe gikoreshwa. Isesengura rya metallografiya n’isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’icyuma gikoreshwa bigomba gukurikiza neza inzira isanzwe, kandi bigashyiraho gahunda y’igerageza ishingiye ku miterere y’ibikoresho n’imiterere y’akazi:
Ubwa mbere, isesengura rya metallografiya. Imiterere ya metallografiya y'icyuma ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere yacyo, nko kuba uburebure bw'urwego rwa kaburiyo, ingano y'ibinyampeke, ikwirakwizwa rya kaburiyo, nibindi. Ni ngombwa kumenya intambwe zo gusesengura, nko gupima ingero, gutegura ingero, kwangirika, hanyuma ukareba imiterere. Bishobora kandi kuba ngombwa kuvuga ubwoko busanzwe bw'ingingo, nka martensite, bainite, pearlite, n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma niba izi ngingo zujuje ibisabwa.
Hanyuma haza ikizamini cy’ubukomere. Ubukomere bw’ibyuma bikoreshwa mu byuma bifitanye isano itaziguye no kudashira no gukomera. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubukomere burimo ubukomere bwa Rockwell, ubukomere bwa Brinell, ubukomere bwa Vickers, ndetse n’ubukomere bwa Rockwell ku gice cy’imbere cy’ibice bya kaburimbo. Ni ngombwa gusobanura uburyo butandukanye bwo gupima, nka Vickers cyangwa ubuso bwa Rockwell ku gice cy’imbere cy’ibice bya kaburimbo, na Brinell cyangwa Rockwell ku gice cy’imbere cy’ibice bya kaburimbo. Muri icyo gihe, amahame ngenderwaho yo gupima, nka ASTM cyangwa GB, n’ingamba zo kwirinda mu gihe cyo gupima, nko guhitamo aho ikizamini gipimirwa, gutunganya ubuso, n’ibindi, bigomba kuvugwa.
Mbere yo gusesengura, tugomba kubanza gukata no gupima icyuma cy'ibyuma. Hasi dukoresha imashini ikata icyitegererezo cya metallographic nk'urugero kugira ngo twerekane uburyo bwo gukata icyitegererezo.
1. Kuramo igikoresho cyo gukora hanyuma ukifatanye n'icyuma gifunga vuba.
2. Nyuma yo gufatanya igikoresho cyo gukoraho, shyiramo igipfundikizo gikingira.
3. Shyiraho ibipimo byo gukata kuri ecran hanyuma utangire porogaramu yo gukata
4. Fungura igipfukisho cyo hejuru hanyuma ukuremo icyitegererezo cyaciwe kugira ngo urangize igikorwa cyo gukata icyitegererezo.
Ingero zaciwe zishobora gukoreshwa mu gutegura ingero zikurikira nko gushyiraho, gusya no gusiga irangi, hanyuma hagakorwa ikizamini cyo gukomera kw'ibikoresho cyangwa isesengura rya metallographic.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-02-2025
