Ni gute wareba niba icyuma gipima ubukana gikora neza?

Amabwiriza yo gupima ubukana bw'ikibabi:
Uretse ingamba zihariye zo kwirinda mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupima ubukana bw'umubiri, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bisanzwe bigomba kwitabwaho, nk'ibi bikurikira:
1. Igipimo cy’ubukana ubwacyo kizatanga ubwoko bubiri bw’amakosa: rimwe ni ikosa riterwa no guhinduka no kugenda kw’ibice byacyo; irindi ni ikosa riterwa n’imiterere y’ubukana irenze urugero rwagenwe. Ku ikosa rya kabiri, igipimo cy’ubukana kigomba gupimwa hakoreshejwe agace gasanzwe mbere yo gupimwa. Ku bisubizo bya gipimo cy’ubukana cya Rockwell, itandukaniro rigaragazwa muri ± 1. Agaciro ko gukosora gashobora gutangwa ku gaciro gahamye gafite itandukaniro muri ± 2. Iyo itandukaniro riri hanze ya ± 2, ni ngombwa gupima no gusana igipimo cy’ubukana cyangwa guhindura ubundi buryo bwo gupima ubukana.
Buri gipimo cy’ubukomere bwa Rockwell gifite aho gishyirwa mu bikorwa, kigomba gutoranywa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza. Urugero, iyo ubukomere buri hejuru ya HRB100, igipimo cya HRC kigomba gukoreshwa mu gupima; iyo ubukomere buri hasi ya HRC20, igipimo cya HRB kigomba gukoreshwa mu gupima. Kubera ko ubuhanga n’ubushobozi bw’ikizamini cy’ubukomere ari bibi iyo intera y’ikizamini irenze, kandi agaciro k’ubukomere katari gakwiye gukoreshwa. Ubundi buryo bwo gupima ubukomere bufite ibipimo bihuye nabyo byo gupima. Agasanduku gasanzwe gakoreshwa mu gupima ubukomere ntigashobora gukoreshwa ku mpande zombi, kuko ubukomere bw’uruhande rusanzwe n’uruhande rw’inyuma atari ngombwa ko biba bimwe. Muri rusange biteganywa ko agasanduku gasanzwe gafite agaciro mu mwaka umwe uhereye igihe cyo gupima.
2. Mu gihe usimbuza agace k'inyuma cyangwa agacupa, witondere gusukura ibice bifatanye. Nyuma yo kubihindura, gerageza inshuro nyinshi ukoresheje icyitegererezo cy'icyuma cy'ubukana runaka kugeza igihe ubukana bubonetse kabiri mu buryo bungana. Intego ni ugukora agace k'inyuma cyangwa agacupa n'igice gifatanye cy'imashini ipima bikandagiwe neza kandi bifatanye neza, kugira ngo bitagize ingaruka ku buziranenge bw'ibisubizo by'ibizamini.
3. Nyuma yuko icyuma gipima ubukana gihinduwe, iyo utangiye gupima ubukana, aho ikizamini cya mbere ntigikoreshwa. Kubera gutinya ko icyitegererezo cyaba kitahuye neza n'ikiyiko, agaciro kapimwe ntabwo kaba gafite ishingiro. Nyuma yuko icyitegererezo cya mbere gipimwe kandi icyuma gipima ubukana kikaba kiri mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukora, icyitegererezo kirapimwa ku mugaragaro kandi agaciro k'ubukana kapimwe kakandikwa.
4. Niba igice cy'igerageza kibikwemerera, muri rusange hitamo ibice bitandukanye kugira ngo upime nibura agaciro k'ubukomere butatu, ufate agaciro mpuzandengo, kandi ufate agaciro mpuzandengo nk'agaciro k'ubukomere bw'igice cy'igerageza.
5. Ku bice by'igerageza bifite imiterere igoye, hagomba gukoreshwa udupapuro tw'imiterere ijyanye na byo, kandi dushobora kugeragezwa nyuma yo gukosorwa. Igice cy'igerageza kizengurutse gishyirwa mu mwobo ufite ishusho ya V kugira ngo gipimwe.
6. Mbere yo gupakira, reba niba umugozi wo gupakira ushyizwe mu mwanya wo gupakira. Mu gupakira, igikorwa kigomba kuba cyoroheje kandi gihamye, kandi ntukoreshe imbaraga nyinshi. Nyuma yo gupakira, umugozi wo gupakira ugomba gushyirwa mu mwanya wo gupakira, kugira ngo wirinde ko igikoresho kimara igihe kirekire, bigatera kwangirika kwa pulasitiki kandi bigira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye bwo gupima.
Vickers, ubukana bwa Rockwell
Ubukomere: Ni ubushobozi bw'ikintu mu kurwanya kwangirika kwa pulasitiki yo mu gace runaka, kandi ahanini bipimwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyiramo icyuma.
Icyitonderwa: Agaciro k'ubukana ntigashobora kugereranywa mu buryo butaziguye, kandi gashobora guhindurwa gusa binyuze mu mbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ubukana.