Mu gihe cyo gupima ubukana bw'ibyuma bizengurutse bya karuboni bifite ubukana buke, twagombye guhitamo icyuma gipima ubukana mu buryo bukwiye kugira ngo tumenye neza ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ukuri kandi bifite akamaro. Dushobora gutekereza gukoresha igipimo cya HRB cy'icyuma gipima ubukana cya Rockwell.
Igipimo cya HRB cy'icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell gikoresha icyuma gipima umupira gifite umurambararo wa mm 1.588 n'imbaraga zo gupima zingana na 100KG. Ingano yo gupima igipimo cya HRB iri kuri 20-100HRB, ikwiriye gupima ubukana bw'ibikoresho byinshi by'icyuma kizengurutse bifite ubukana buke.
1. Niba umugozi w'icyuma cya karuboni warazimye kandi ufite ubukana bwinshi bwa HRC40 - HRC65, ugomba guhitamo ikizamini cy'ubukana bwa Rockwell. Ikizamini cy'ubukana bwa Rockwell cyoroshye kandi cyihuse gukora, kandi gishobora gusoma neza agaciro k'ubukana, gikwiriye gupima ibikoresho by'ubukana bwinshi.
2.Kuri bimwe mu byuma bifata icyuma cya karuboni byavuwe na carburizing, nitriding, nibindi, ubukana bw'ubuso buba buri hejuru kandi ubukana bw'imbere buba buri hasi. Iyo bibaye ngombwa gupima neza ubukana bw'ubuso, ikizamini cya Vickers cyangwa ikizamini cya microhardness gishobora gutoranywa. Icyitonderwa cy'ikizamini cya Vickers ni kare, kandi agaciro k'ubukana kabarwa hakoreshejwe uburebure bw'umurongo ugororotse. Ubuziranenge bwo gupima ni bwinshi kandi bushobora kugaragaza neza impinduka z'ubukana ku buso bw'ibikoresho.
3. Uretse igipimo cya HRB cy’icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell, icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Brinell gishobora no gukoreshwa mu gupima ibikoresho by’icyuma gipima ubukana bwa karuboni byoroshye. Mu gupima ibyuma bipima ubukana bwa karuboni, igipimo cyacyo kizasiga ahantu hanini ho guhagarara ku buso bw’ibikoresho, bishobora kugaragaza neza ubukana bw’ibikoresho. Mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa ry’icyuma gipima ubukana bwa karuboni, icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Brinell ntabwo cyihuse kandi cyoroshye nk’icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell. Igipimo cya Brinell ni igipimo cya HBW, kandi ibipimo bitandukanye bihura n’imbaraga z’igerageza. Ku bipimo by’icyuma gipima ubukana bwa karuboni byoroshye muri rusange, nk’ibiri mu cyiciro cya annealed, ubukana bukunze kuba hafi HB100 - HB200, kandi igipimo cya Brinell cyoroshye gishobora gutoranywa.
4. Ku migozi y'icyuma cya karuboni ifite umurambararo munini n'imiterere isanzwe, muri rusange hakoreshwa ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupima ubukana. Ariko, niba umurambararo w'umugozi uri muto, nko munsi ya mm 10, ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana bya Brinell bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bufatika bwo gupima bitewe n'aho bigeze. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana bya Rockwell cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupima ubukana bya Vickers birashobora gutoranywa. Ingano yabyo ni nto kandi ishobora gupima ubukana bw'ingero nto.
5. Ku migozi y'icyuma cya karuboni idafite imiterere idasanzwe kandi bigoye gushyira ku ntebe y'akazi y'icyuma gipima ubukana busanzwe kugira ngo gipimwe, hashobora gutoranywa icyuma gipima ubukana gitwarwa, nka icyuma gipima ubukana cya Leeb, gikoresha igikoresho gipima ubukana kugira ngo cyohereze umubiri w'inkurikizi ku buso bw'ikintu gipimwe, kandi kibara agaciro k'ubukana hashingiwe ku muvuduko umubiri w'inkurikizi usubira inyuma. Biroroshye gukoresha kandi bishobora gupima aho bikorerwa ku bikoresho by'imiterere n'ingano bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 14 Mata 2025
