Isano iri hagati y'ibice by'ubukomere bya Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers (uburyo bwo gukomera)

Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gukora ni ubukana bw'uburyo bwo gukanda, nka ubukana bwa Brinell, ubukana bwa Rockwell, ubukana bwa Vickers n'ubukana bwa micro. Agaciro k'ubukana bwabonetse mu by'ukuri kagaragaza ubukana bw'ubuso bw'icyuma ku ihinduka rya pulasitiki riterwa no kwinjira mu bintu by'amahanga.

Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro ngufi ku bice bitandukanye by'ubukana:

1. Ubukomere bwa Brinell (HB)

Kanda umupira w'icyuma gikomeye ufite ingano runaka (ubusanzwe ufite umurambararo wa mm 10) hejuru y'ibikoresho hamwe n'umutwaro runaka (ubusanzwe ufite ibiro 3000) hanyuma uwugumane igihe runaka. Nyuma yo gukuraho umutwaro, igipimo cy'umutwaro n'agace k'aho ushyizwe ni agaciro k'ubukana bwa Brinell (HB), mu mbaraga za kilogarama/mm2 (N/mm2).

2. Ubukana bwa Rockwell (HR)

Iyo HB>450 cyangwa icyitegererezo ari gito cyane, ikizamini cy’ubukana bwa Brinell ntigishobora gukoreshwa kandi hagakoreshwa igipimo cy’ubukana bwa Rockwell. Gikoresha agace ka diyama gafite inguni ya 120° cyangwa umupira w’icyuma ufite umurambararo wa 1.59mm na 3.18mm kugira ngo gitere hejuru y’ikintu kugira ngo gipimwe munsi y’umutwaro runaka, kandi ubukana bw’ikintu buboneka mu bujyakuzimu bw’aho gishyizwe. Dukurikije ubukana bw’ikintu gipimirwa, gishobora kugaragazwa mu bipimo bitatu bitandukanye:

HRA: Ni ubukana buboneka hakoreshejwe umutwaro wa kilogarama 60 n'agace ka diyama gafatana, kandi gakoreshwa mu bikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi cyane (nk'ikarubide ikozwe muri sima, nibindi).

HRB: Ni ubukana buboneka hakoreshejwe umutwaro wa kilogarama 100 n'umupira w'icyuma gikomeye ufite umurambararo wa mm 1.58. Ikoreshwa ku bikoresho bifite ubukana buke (nk'icyuma gishongeshejwe, icyuma gishongeshejwe, nibindi).

HRC: Ni ubukana buboneka hakoreshejwe umutwaro wa kilogarama 150 n'agace ka diyama gafatana, kandi gakoreshwa ku bikoresho bifite ubukana bwinshi (nk'icyuma gikomeye, nibindi).

Ubukomere bwa Vickers 3 (HV)

Koresha agace k'inyuma k'agace ka diyama gafite umutwaro uri munsi ya 120kg n'inguni ya vertex ya 136° kugira ngo ushyire mu buso bw'ibikoresho, hanyuma ugabanye ubuso bw'aho ibikoresho binjirira n'agaciro k'umutwaro, ari ko agaciro ka Vickers HV (kgf/mm2).

Ugereranyije n’ibizamini bya Brinell na Rockwell, ikizamini cy’ubukana bwa Vickers gifite ibyiza byinshi. Nta mbogamizi zishingiye ku miterere yagenwe ya P na diameter ya indenter D nka Brinell, n’ikibazo cyo guhinduka kwa indenter; nta n’ikibazo gifite cy’uko agaciro k’ubukana bwa Rockwell kadashobora guhuzwa. Kandi gishobora kugerageza ibikoresho byoroshye n’ibikomeye nka Rockwell, kandi gishobora kugerageza ubukana bw’ibice bito cyane (cyangwa ibice bito) kurusha Rockwell, bishobora gukorwa gusa n’ubukana bw’ubuso bwa Rockwell. Ariko no muri iyo mimerere, gishobora kugereranywa gusa mu gipimo cya Rockwell, kandi ntigishobora guhuzwa n’izindi nzego z’ubukana. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko Rockwell ikoresha ubujyakuzimu bw’ubukana nk’igipimo cyo gupima, kandi ubujyakuzimu bw’ubukana buhora ari buto ugereranyije n’ubugari bw’ubukana, bityo ikosa ryayo naryo ni rinini. Kubwibyo, amakuru y’ubukana bwa Rockwell ntabwo ahamye nka Brinell na Vickers, kandi birumvikana ko adahamye nk’ubuhanga bwa Vickers.

Hari isano runaka hagati ya Brinell, Rockwell na Vickers mu guhindura imikorere, kandi hari imbonerahamwe y'imibanire mu guhindura imikorere ishobora kubazwa.