Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'imyambaro y'icyuma. Imyambaro itandukanye isaba imbaraga zitandukanye zo gupima mu igerageza rya microhardness, kandi imbaraga zo gupima ntizishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butunguranye. Ahubwo, ibizamini bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe agaciro k'imbaraga zo gupima kagenwa n'amahame ngenderwaho. Uyu munsi, tuzatangiza ahanini ibizamini bya micro Vickers byo gupima zinc coatings cyangwa zinc-aluminium-magnesium alloy coatings ikoreshwa ku cyuma.
1. Gutegura ingero nziza za metallographic z'imyambaro ya zinc (cyangwa ibishushanyo bya aluminiyumu-magnesium) ni intambwe ya mbere mu igerageza ry'imyambaro. Gutegura ingero za zinc zikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, harimo gufata ingero, gushyiraho, no gusya no gusiga irangi mbere y'uko ikoreshwa. Intego yo gutegura ingero nk'izo ni ugusya ubuso bw'imashini ikoraho igice cy'imashini ikabuhindura ubuso bworoshye kandi burambuye butuma hagaragara neza inyuguti za Vickers, bikorohereza gupima neza ingano y'inyuguti kugira ngo haboneke agaciro k'ubukana.
2.Ku igeragezwa ry’ubukana bw’imyambaro ya zinc: kubera ko imashini za zinc ziba nini cyane, ibizamini by’ubukana bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe imbaraga zitandukanye zo gupima. Ku gipimo kimwe, uko imbaraga z’igerageza zikoreshwa ni ko ingano y’imashini ikoreshwa iba nto; mu buryo bunyuranye, uko imbaraga z’igerageza ziba nini, ni ko ingano y’imashini ikoreshwa iba nini. Niba imashini ikikije imashini igaragaraho ibimenyetso byo kwangirika cyangwa guhinduka, hagomba gutoranywa imbaraga nto zo gupima. Iyi gahunda isubirwamo kugeza igihe imashini ikikije imashini ya Vickers igumanye imbaraga nta guhinduka—uru rwego rw’imbaraga z’igerageza ni rwo rukwiriye icyitegererezo.
2.1 Ubunini butandukanye bw'igitambaro bujyanye n'urwego rw'imbaraga z'ibizamini, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda kugoreka ibisubizo by'ibizamini. Ibi bikurikira ni icyitegererezo cyo guhitamo imbaraga z'ibizamini ku gitambaro gisanzwe (zinc plating, chromium plating), gikoreshwa ku bapima ubukana bwa micro Vickers (HV):
| Ubwoko bwo gupfuka | Gupfuka Ubunini (μm) | Itanga inama Ingufu zo Gupima (gf) | Bijyanye Igipimo cya HV | Amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo kwirinda |
| Zinc Gushyiramo ipamba | 5 ~ 15 | 25 ~ 50 | HV0.025, HV0.05 | Gupfuka zinc byoroshye cyane (ubusanzwe HV50 ~ 150); imbaraga nke zirinda gupfuka cyane. |
| Zinc Gushyiramo ipamba | 15 ~ 50 | 50 ~ 100 | HV0.05, HV0.1 | Uko ubugari bwiyongera, imbaraga zishobora kuzamurwa neza kugira ngo impande z'aho zihagarara zigaragare neza. |
| Chromium Gushyiramo ipamba | 1 ~ 5 | 10 ~ 25 | HV0.01, HV0.025 | Chromium ikomeye (HV800 ~ 1200) ifite ubukana bwinshi; imbaraga nke zirinda kwangirika kw'inyuma. |
| Chromium Gushyiramo ipamba | 5 ~ 20 | 25 ~ 100 | HV0.025, HV0.1 | Iyo ubugari ＞10μm, HV0.1force ipima uburyohe n'imikorere myiza. |
| Ihuriro ry'ibintu bitandukanye Gupfuka | 5 | ≤25 | HV0.01, HV0.025 | Ku bijyanye n'imyambaro nka zinc-nickel alloy na chromium-nickel alloy, wirinde cyane ko icyuho cyayo kigera mu irangi. |
2.2 Ibindi bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima
Uretse ubunini, ibintu bibiri bikurikira bizahindura cyane uburyo imbaraga zo gupima zatoranijwe, kandi bigomba gucibwa hashingiwe ku bintu nyabyo:
Ingano y'Ubukomere bwo gupfuka:
Imitako yoroshye (urugero, gupfuka zinc, HV < 200): Iyo imbaraga z'ikizamini ari nto cyane, imiterere y'ikizamini ishobora kugaragara nabi bitewe n'ihindagurika rya pulasitiki ry'igitambaro. Ni byiza guhitamo urwego rwo hejuru rw'urwego rwasabwe (nk'ubugari bwa 10 μm, hitamo imbaraga z'ikizamini za 50gf).
Ibyuma bikomeye (urugero, chromium plated, HV > 800): Ubukana bwinshi butuma habaho uduce duto tw’ibizamini, bityo imbaraga z’ibizamini ntizigomba kuba nto cyane (nk’ubugari bwa 5 μm, hitamo imbaraga z’ibizamini za 25gf) kugira ngo hirindwe ko amakosa yo gupima imiterere y’ibizamini by’ibizamini bitarenga ± 5%.
2.3 Ibisabwa ku mahame n'ibisobanuro
Inganda zitandukanye zifite amahame asobanutse. Urugero:
Inganda zikora imodoka zikunze gukoresha ISO 14577 (Instrumented Indentation Test), ituma hahindurwa agaciro k'imbaraga hakurikijwe uburebure bw'igitambaro;
Inganda rusange yerekeza kuri ASTM E384, isaba ko umurongo w'inyuma uba ≤ 1/2 cy'ubugari bw'igitambaro n'inshuro ≥ 10 z'umurambararo w'inyuma (kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka z'inyuma).
Mu gusoza, guhitamo imbaraga zo gupima ubukana bwa micro-Vickers ku bikoresho by'icyuma bigomba gukurikiza ihame rya "mbere na mbere ubunini, guhindura ubukana, n'ingwate isanzwe":
Ubwa mbere, menya urwego rw'imbaraga z'igerageza ukurikije uburebure bw'igitambaro (reba imbonerahamwe iri hejuru);
Hindura agaciro k'imbaraga ukurikije ubukana bw'igitambaro (hitamo urwego rwo hejuru rw'igitambaro cyoroshye n'urwego rwo hasi rw'igitambaro gikomeye);
Hanyuma, huza n'amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda (nka ISO 14577 na ASTM E384) kugira ngo urebe neza ko ibisubizo by'ibizamini ari ingenzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-03-2025
