Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana bw'igikoresho gikorerwamo ubushyuhe

Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bukabije bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: kimwe ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe bukabije no kubukoresha mu gushyushya, ikindi ni ugukoresha ubushyuhe bukomoka ku binyabutabire. Uburyo bwo gupima ubukana ni ubu bukurikira:

1. Gutunganya ubushyuhe no kubutesha agaciro

Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzimya no gushyushya ubushyuhe busanzwe bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya cyangwa gushyushya umuriro. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki ni ubukana bw'ubukana, ubukana bw'aho hantu n'ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rukomeye. Isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Vickers cyangwa isuzuma ry'ubukana bwa Rockwell rishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima ubukana. Ingufu zo kugerageza Guhitamo bifitanye isano n'ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rukomeye rukomeye n'ubukana bw'urwego rw'umurimo. Hari imashini eshatu z'ubukana zirimo.

(1) Ikimenyetso cyo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gupima ubukana bw'ibikoresho bikorerwa mu buryo bushyushye. Gishobora gukoresha imbaraga za 0.5-100KG mu gupima urwego rwo gushimangira ubukana bw'ibikoresho bikorerwa mu buryo bushyushye rufite ubugari bwa mm 0.05. Ubuziranenge bwacyo ni bwinshi kandi gishobora gutandukanya ibikoresho bikorerwa mu buryo bushyushye. Itandukaniro rito mu bukana bw'ubukana bw'ibikoresho bikorerwa mu buryo bushyushye, byongeye kandi, uburebure bw'urwego rwo gushimangira bufatika nabwo bugaragazwa n'ikimenyetso cyo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers, bityo rero ni ngombwa gushyiraho ikimenyetso cyo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers ku bikoresho bikora isuku yo gutunganya ubushyuhe cyangwa bikoresha umubare munini w'ibikoresho bikorerwa mu buryo bushyushye.

(2) Igipimo cy’ubukana cya Rockwell cyo hejuru nacyo kirakwiriye cyane mu gupima ubukana bw’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa "superficial quenched workpiece". Hari ibipimo bitatu by’igipimo cy’ubukana cya Rockwell cyo hejuru cyo guhitamo. Gishobora gupima ibikoresho bitandukanye bikomeye byo hejuru bifite ubujyakuzimu burengeje 0.1mm. Nubwo ukuri kw’igipimo cy’ubukana cya Rockwell cyo hejuru kitari hejuru nk’icy’igipimo cy’ubukana cya Vickers, gishobora kuba cyujuje ibisabwa nk'uburyo bwo kumenya imicungire y’ubuziranenge no kugenzura ibisabwa ku nganda zitunganya ubushyuhe. .Byongeye kandi, gifite imiterere yoroshye gukora, ikoreshwa ryoroshye, igiciro gito, gupima vuba, no gusoma neza agaciro k’ubukana. Igipimo cy’ubukana cya Rockwell cyo hejuru gishobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya vuba kandi mu buryo budasenya ibice by’ibikoresho bitunganya ubushyuhe byo hejuru kimwe kimwe. Gifite akamaro kanini ku nganda zitunganya ibyuma n’imashini. Iyo urwego rw’ubukana rwa Rockwell rwo hejuru rufite ubunini, igipimo cy’ubukana cya Rockwell nacyo gishobora gukoreshwa. Iyo ubunini bw’urwego rw’ubukana bwa "highficial treatment hardness" ari 0.4-0.8mm, igipimo cya HRA gishobora gukoreshwa. Iyo urwego rukomeye rw'ubujyakuzimu Iyo rurenze 0.8mm, igipimo cya HRC gishobora gukoreshwa. Vickers, Rockwell na Rockwell yo hejuru bishobora guhindurwa byoroshye, bigahindurwamo ibipimo ngenderwaho, ibishushanyo cyangwa ibipimo by'ubukomere bisabwa n'abakoresha, kandi imbonerahamwe ijyanye n'uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu iri muri ISO mpuzamahanga. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bya ASTM byo muri Amerika na GB/T byo mu Bushinwa byatanzwe.

(3) Iyo ubugari bw'urwego rworoshye rwavuwe n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya mm 0.2, hashobora gukoreshwa ikizamini cyo gupima ubukana bwa Leeb, ariko hagomba gutoranywa ikizamini cyo gupima ubukana bwa C. Mu gupima, hagomba kwitabwaho ku iherezo ryo hejuru n'ubugari rusange bw'ikintu gikorerwamo. Ubu buryo bwo gupima ntibufite Vickers na Rockwell. Ikizamini cyo gupima ubukana ni cyiza, ariko kirakwiriye gupimwa aho gikorerwa mu ruganda.

Uburyo 2 bwo kuvura ubushyuhe hakoreshejwe imiti

Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa chimique ni ukwinjira mu gice cyo hejuru cy'igikoresho hamwe na atome z'ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya chimique, bityo bigahindura imiterere ya chimique, imiterere n'imikorere y'igice cyo hejuru cy'igikoresho. Nyuma yo kuzimya no gushyushya ubushyuhe buke, igice cyo hejuru cy'igikoresho kiba gifite ubukana bwinshi n'ubudahangarwa bwo kwangirika, kandi imbaraga z'umuruho w'igikoresho ziba zifite ubukana bwinshi n'ubukomere. Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki by'igikoresho cyo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa chimique ni ubujyakuzimu bw'urwego rukomeye n'ubukomere bw'urwego rwo hejuru. Intera aho ubukana bumanuka kugera kuri 50HRC ni uburebure bw'urwego rukomeye. Uburyo bwo kuvura ubukana bw'igice cyo hejuru cy'ibikoresho byo kuvura ubushyuhe busa n'ubwo ku gice cyo hejuru cy'ibikoresho byo kuvura ubushyuhe. Ibipimo byo kuvura ubukana bwa vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya vikeri bya Rockwell cyangwa ibipimo byo kuvura ubukomere bwa Rockwell birashobora gukoreshwa. Kugira ngo harebwe ubukana, ubunini bwa nitriding ni bwo bworoshye, muri rusange ntiburenze 0.7mm, hanyuma ikipimo cyo kuvura ubukomere cya Rockwell ntigishobora gukoreshwa

3. Gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'aho hantu

Niba ibice byo mu gace bikoresha ubushyuhe bisaba ubukana bwinshi bw’aho hantu, uburyo bwo kuzimya ubushyuhe bwo mu gace bushobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya, nibindi. Ibice nk'ibyo akenshi bigomba kugaragaza aho ubushyuhe bwo kuzimya buherereye n'agaciro k'ubukana bw'aho hantu ku gishushanyo, kandi isuzuma ry'ubukana bw'ibice rigakorerwa ahantu habigenewe, igikoresho cyo gupima ubukana gishobora gukoresha icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell kugira ngo gipime agaciro k'ubukana bwa HRC. Niba urwego rworoshye rwo gutunganya ubushyuhe ari rugufi, icyuma gipima ubukana bwa Rockwell cyo hejuru gishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima agaciro k'ubukana bwa HRN.