Imashini yo gukata neza ya XYZ ikora ku buryo bwikora - ishyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo gutegura no gusesengura ingero z'icyuma.

Nk'intambwe y'ingenzi mbere yo gupima ubukana bw'ibikoresho cyangwa isesengura rya metallografiya, gukata ingero bigamije kubona ingero zifite ingano ikwiye n'imiterere myiza y'ubuso bivuye mu bikoresho fatizo cyangwa ibice byabyo, bigatanga ishingiro ryizewe ryo gusesengura metallografiya nyuma, isuzuma ry'imikorere, nibindi. Imikorere idahwitse mu gukata ishobora gutera ibibazo nko kwangirika, guhinduka, no kwangirika gukabije ku buso bw'ingero, bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bisubizo by'ibizamini. Kubwibyo, tugomba kwita cyane ku bintu by'ingenzi bikurikira:

1. Guhitamo ibyuma byo gukata/uruziga rwo gukata

Ibikoresho bitandukanye bisaba ibyuma byo gukata/uruziga rwo gukata bihuye:

- Ku byuma bya fer (nk'icyuma n'icyuma gishongeshejwe), ibyuma byo gukata alumina bifatanye na resin bikunze gutoranywa, bifite ubukana buringaniye kandi bigabanya ubushyuhe, kandi bishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gukata;

- Ibyuma bidafite feri (nk'umuringa, aluminiyumu, aloyide) byoroshye kandi byoroshye gufata ku cyuma. Ibyuma byo gukata diyama/uruziga rwo gukata cyangwa icyuma cyo gukata cya silikoni gifite ubudodo bwiza/uruziga rwo gukata bigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo hirindwe "gucika" ubuso bw'icyitegererezo cyangwa imyanda isigaye;

- Ku bikoresho byoroshye nko mu ibumba n'ibirahure, hakenewe ibyuma bikomeye byo gukata/uruziga rwo gukata rwa diyama, kandi umuvuduko w'ibiryo ugomba kugenzurwa mu gihe cyo gukata kugira ngo hirindwe ko icyitegererezo cyacika.

2. Akamaro kaibipfukamunwa 

Akamaro k'icyuma gifunga ni ugukosora icyitegererezo no kwemeza ko gihamye mu gihe cyo gukata:

-Ku ngero zifite imiterere idahuye, hagomba gukoreshwa udukoresho two gukurura cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo hirindwe ko ingero zihindagurika bitewe no kunyeganyega kw'ingero mu gihe cyo kuzikata;

-Ku bice bifite inkuta nto kandi bito, hagomba gukoreshwa udukingirizo tworoshye cyangwa inyubako z'inyongera kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'ingero bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gukata;

-Igice gihuza igipfundikizo n'icyitegererezo kigomba kuba cyoroshye kugira ngo hirindwe gushwanyaguza ubuso bw'icyitegererezo, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kugikurikirana nyuma.

3. Uruhare rwo Gukata Amazi

Amazi yo gukata ahagije kandi akwiye ni ingenzi mu kugabanya kwangirika:

-Ingaruka zo gukonjesha: Bikuraho ubushyuhe buturuka mu gihe cyo gukata, bikabuza icyitegererezo guhinduka kw'ingingo bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'"gukuramo" ibikoresho by'icyuma);

-Ingaruka zo gusiga amavuta: Bigabanya ubukana hagati y'icyuma gikata n'icyitegererezo, bigabanya ubukana bw'ubuso, kandi byongera igihe cyo gukora cy'icyuma gikata;

-Ingaruka zo gukuraho uduce duto: Bikuraho uduce duto twakozwe mu gihe cyo gukata, bikabuza uduce gufatisha ku buso bw'icyitegererezo cyangwa kuziba icyuma gikata, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gukata neza.

Muri rusange, amazi akoreshwa mu gukata ashingiye ku mazi (afite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha neza, akwiriye ibyuma) cyangwa amazi akoreshwa mu gukata ashingiye ku mavuta (afite ubushobozi bwo gukaraba cyane, akwiriye ibikoresho byoroshye) atoranywa hakurikijwe ibikoresho.

4. Gushyiraho neza ibipimo byo gukata

Hindura ibipimo ukurikije imiterere y'ibikoresho kugira ngo bihuze imikorere n'ubwiza:

-Igipimo cy'ibiryo: Ku bikoresho bikomeye cyane (nk'ibyuma bikoresha karubone nyinshi na za keramiki), igipimo cy'ibiryo kigomba kugabanuka kugira ngo hirindwe kurenza urugero rw'icyuma gikata cyangwa kwangirika kw'icyitegererezo; ku bikoresho byoroshye, igipimo cy'ibiryo gishobora kongerwa uko bikwiye kugira ngo kunoze imikorere;

-Umuvuduko wo gukata: Umuvuduko ugororotse w'icyuma cyo gukata ugomba guhuza n'ubukomere bw'ibikoresho. Urugero, umuvuduko udasanzwe ukoreshwa mu gukata ibyuma ni 20-30m/s, mu gihe ibya kera bisaba umuvuduko muto kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka;

-Kugenzura ingano y'ibiryo: Binyuze mu buryo bwo kugenzura byikora bwa X, Y, Z bw'ibikoresho, ibiryo byizewe bigerwaho kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubuso bw'ingero bucika bitewe n'ingano ikabije y'ibiryo byatanzwe rimwe gusa.

5. Uruhare rw'inyongera rw'Imirimo y'Ibikoresho

-Igipfukisho cyuzuye gikingira gipfundikiye gishobora gutandukanya imyanda n'urusaku gusa, ahubwo kinafasha mu kureba mu buryo butunguranye uko ibintu bimera no kumenya ku gihe ibitagenda neza;

-Ecran ya santimetero 10 ishobora gushyiraho ibipimo byo gukata mu buryo bwihuse, kandi igakorana na sisitemu yo gutanga ibiribwa mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo ikore neza kandi igabanye amakosa y’abantu;

-Amatara ya LED yongera ubushobozi bwo kureba neza, bigatuma hafatwa icyemezo ku gihe cy'aho icyitegererezo gica n'uko ubuso bumeze kugira ngo harebwe neza aho igice cyo gukata giherereye.

Mu gusoza, guca ingero bigomba kuringaniza "uburyo bunoze" n' "uburyo bwo kurinda". Mu guhuza ibikoresho, ibikoresho, n'ibipimo, hashyirwaho urufatiro rwiza rwo gutegura ingero nyuma (nk'insya, gusimbuza, no kwangirika) no gupima, amaherezo hakemezwa ukuri n'ukuri kw'ibyavuye mu isesengura ry'ibikoresho.