Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'amadosiye y'icyuma, harimo dosiye z'umufundi, dosiye z'inkero, dosiye zishushanya, dosiye zifite imiterere yihariye, dosiye z'umufundi w'amasaha, dosiye zihariye z'umufundi w'amasaha, n'amadosiye y'ibiti. Uburyo bwabo bwo gupima ubukana bwubahiriza cyane cyane amahame mpuzamahanga ya ISO 234-2: 1982 Amadosiye y'icyuma na Rasps — Igice cya 2: Ibiranga gukata.
Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga agaragaza uburyo bubiri bwo gupima: uburyo bwa Rockwell hardness na Vickers hardness method.
1. Ku buryo bwo gukomeretsa bwa Rockwell, igipimo cya Rockwell C (HRC) gikoreshwa muri rusange, kandi ubukana busabwa buri hejuru ya 62HRC. Iyo ubukana buri hejuru, igipimo cya Rockwell A (HRA) gishobora no gukoreshwa mu igeragezwa, kandi agaciro k'ubukana kaboneka binyuze mu guhindura. Ubukana bw'umukingo w'idosiye (agace kagizwe na bitatu bya gatanu by'uburebure bwose uhereye ku mutwe w'umukingo) ntibugomba kuba hejuru ya 38HRC, kandi ubukana bw'umukingo w'igiti ntibugomba kuba munsi ya 20HRC.
2. Ikimenyetso cyo gupima ubukana bwa Vickers gishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gupima, kandi agaciro k’ubukana gakwiye kaboneka binyuze mu guhindura nyuma yo gupima. Ubukana bwa Vickers bukwiriye mu gupima dosiye z’icyuma zifite utwenda duto cyangwa nyuma yo gutunganya ubuso. Ku dosiye z’icyuma zavuwe hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bw’ubuso cyangwa imiti ishyushya, ubukana bwazo bugomba kugeragezwa ahantu hatagaragara neza hagati ya mm 5 na mm 10 uvuye aho dosiye yaciwe bwa nyuma.
Ubukomere bw'inkombe y'iryinyo bugomba kuba hagati ya HRC 55 na HRC 58, bukwiriye gupimwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Vickers hardness. Niba hari ahantu hakwiye, workpiece ishobora gushyirwa ku ntebe y'akazi ya Vickers hardness tester kugira ngo ikoreshwe. Ariko, workpiece nyinshi ntizishobora gupimwa mu buryo butaziguye; muri ibyo bihe, tugomba gutegura ingero z'workpieces mbere na mbere. Uburyo bwo gutegura ingero burimo imashini ikata metallographic, imashini isya na polish ya metallographic, n'imashini ishyiraho metallographic. Hanyuma, shyira ingero zateguwe ku ntebe y'akazi ya Vickers hardness tester kugira ngo ikoreshwe.
Icyitonderwa ni uko isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’aho dosiye ikorera rishobora gukorwa gusa iyo ubuso bwatunganyijwe kugira ngo buhuze n’ibisabwa mu isuzuma; usibye ibiteganywa n’iri tegeko, isuzuma ry’ubukana bw’amadosiye y’icyuma rigomba kandi kubahiriza ibiteganywa na ISO 6508 na ISO 6507-1.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 24 Nzeri 2025
